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This case study examines events that took place between 1990 and 2000 in the Virunga Volcanoes region, which straddles Rwanda, Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo, and each country's impact on the region's biodiversity. Armed conflict and the human displacement it generates have harmed both the region's human societies and its natural ecosystems. This document describes and analyzes the responses to the crises observed during different phases of this10-year period, with particular emphasis on the collaboration among the conservation, emergency-response, and development sectors. Damage to ecosystems may also be averted during crises by providing substantive assistance to institutions already in place, such as agencies responsible for protected areas, by developing their human resources, particularly in the field. Lastly, this document also discusses the role of outside partners, such as official development agencies and conservation NGOs.
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