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A humphead wrasse in the Great Barrier Reef

© Shutterstock / Luis Cristofori

Humphead wrasses

The humphead wrasse is an enormous coral reef fish—growing over six feet long—with a prominent bulge on its forehead. Some of them live to be over 30 years old. They roam through coral reefs in search of hard shelled prey such as mollusks, starfish, or crustaceans.

WWF urges local governments in the Coral Triangle to stop the trade and consumption of humphead wrasse—one of the most expensive live reef fishes in the world. Live reef fish trade in Southeast Asia continues to be a significant problem that threatens the region’s food security as well as its reefs, as poachers often resort to legal and destructive fishing methods to catch them.

Humphead wrasse facts

Scientific name
Cheilinus undulatus
Weight
More than 400 pounds
Length
6 feet
Habitats
Oceans

Why they matter

A humphead Maori wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) on the Great Barrier Reef, Cairns, Australia

© WWF / James Morgan

These fish are very important to coral reef health. They eat crown-of-thorn starfish and therefore keep populations of this damaging coral reef predator in check.

Threats

Humphead wrasse in a water tank with other live tropical coral reef's fish in a Hong Kong market.
Here humphead wrasse are kept in a tank in Hong Kong, China before being sold to customers.

© Michèle Dépraz / WWF-Canon

The humphead wrasse is highly vulnerable to overfishing because it’s a valued luxury food as a part of the live reef fish trade predominant across Southeast Asia.

How WWF is taking action

A humphead Maori wrasse on the Great Barrier Reef, Cairns, Australia. The coral is vibrant under the sunny surface. Lots of other small tropical fish swim.

© WWF / James Morgan

In Malaysia, WWF helped to stop the export of this important fish. We work with partners to repopulate protected coral reefs with wrasses that were formerly intended for sale through a buyback program with local fishermen. Since 2010, over 860 humphead wrasse have been released back into the wild.

How you can help

humpback whale plush

© WWF

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